In October 17-18, the second Ukrainian Grain Congress organized by the Ukrainian Grain Association and IA “APK-Inform” was held in Kiev. The event was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Ukraine, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO UN) and the Ukrainian Agrarian Confederation.   During the second day of the Congress there was the round table, organized by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, devoted to “Mechanisms of the efficient cooperation of the government and private business on the grain market”.   Leading experts of the grain market of Ukraine, USA, EU, Brazil, representatives of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Committee on Agrarian Policy and Land Relations, Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Ukraine, Grain and Feed Trade Association (GAFTA ), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO UN), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), Ukrainian Agrarian Confederation and other well-known Ukrainian and international organizations and companies took part in the work of the second Ukrainian Grain Congress.   Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Ukraine Andre Kuusvek said in his speech, “Ukrainian agribusiness is an international business. I would like to draw attention to the great potential of agriculture in Ukraine, which is one of the key sectors in which we define long-term future of the state. Today Ukraine is one of the best exporters in the world, so we are trying to reach even greater heights and get even greater indicators by attracting investments, conducting dialogue with the government.”   In particular, Mr. Kuusvek noted that Ukrainian agricultural sector requires significant investments, and it is private sector today that takes the lion`s share of investments, “Here we certainly support the view that the smaller is the share of government involvement in the economy, the more productive is competition that generates mutual benefits for all market participants,” he said.   According to the president of Ukrainian Agrarian Confederation Leonid Kozachenko, Ukraine should inherit the experience of developed countries, where farmers live much better, the state is provided with food, exports huge quantity of products, improving its external economic balance and all that is done for the benefit of society as a whole. “This experience must be studied in Ukraine, the Soviet traditions must be left, because agriculture is the engine of economic development of our country in the current conditions of the world global competition,” he says.   Speaking about the introduction of others and new restrictions on agricultural export in the future, L. Kozachenko urged the Government to warn farmers of such measures at least 60 days before if their adoption is inevitable.   Director General of “NIBULON”, Hero of Ukraine Oleksiy Vadaturskyy took an active participation in the event, he first of all thanked the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and other financial institutions for the opportunity to establish a dialogue between the government and private businesses on the grain market, “The absence of such dialogue makes the situation on the market an unpredictable one. It is a pity that after our first meeting in January there againhas not been held a dialogue by July 1, and we could not influence the development of the government plan for the next marketing year. As the result: firstly, quotas had been abolished out-of-time, which resulted in large transient remainders from the previous marketing year, secondly, already after July 1 at the height of the new marketing year export duties had been imposed, though in August the question about their fastest abolishment arose. The state does not have even short well-defined policy on the grain market. We’re wasting time, while Ukrainian market assumes the character of chaos.”   Oleksiy Vadaturskyy noted that the problem of manual control of agricultural sector remains one of the most important. In particular, he drew attention to the pressure from regulatory and tax authorities, which is imposed both on manufacturers and exporters. Oleksiy Vadaturskyy stressed that government and business interaction takes place only when it is on a cooperation basis. Such a relationship would only improve the image of Ukraine and have a positive impact onthe development of its agricultural sector.   At the end of his speech Oleksiy Vadaturskyy expressed his respect and gratitude to the EBRD, the World Bank and other international financial institutions for the support and opportunity to invest in Ukraine`s economy, “We do not wait for someone to create an investment climate for us, we are creating the investment climate for ourselves and we continue to invest in Ukraine “, he concluded.